The flow stress is a fundamental parameter to determine load and power requirements during metal forming. It is defined as a stress that results in the material flow in a one-dimensional stress state. Factors affect flow stress are strain, strain rate, temperature, and initial grain size. When determine force and power requirement, two factor groups are actually considered … <Read in Full>
Normal and Tangential Stress Modern metal forming practice requires a metal former to understand not only the integral parameters such as total deformation, force, work and energy requirements, but also the more detailed parameters such as local metal flow, normal and tangential stress distribution over the contact area and the deformation zone … <Read in Full>
Friction in Metal Forming Processes Friction always plays an important role in the forming processes. In this article, major influence factors, and the friction coefficients in most primary forming processes are presented. <Read in Full>
Metal Flow During Metal Forming During plastic deformation of metal, local metal flow following certain trend depending on various conditions. Forming process design should consider this factor to create optimal metal flow to reduce energy consumption and tool wear … <Read in Full>
Metal Formability (1) Metal formability is the basis to select forming process (rolling, forging, drawing or extrusion, etc.) and to determine production stages, so that products can be made economically and with high quality. Some alloys are with relatively low deformation ability; they should be avoided to subject to a forming process like rolling, even though rolling may be more productive … <Read in Full>
